Chapter Three 

A Production Centre for all of Organelle?

 a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae

Proteins enter at its cis face (entry face), which is a line segment between any two distinct points and usually oriented toward the nucleus

X is transported through long distances and its destination for delivery 

The cis and trans faces of the Golgi apparatus are the entry and exit points for molecules being processed

Two types of borders exist one for entry and the other for export 

This process includes:

Proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are delivered to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles

X substance from Endo is packaged in the form of X and is delivered to the region of Golgi

Enzymes in the Golgi apparatus modify proteins by adding or removing sugar residues

Products are modified by adding or removing substance X 

or by adding phosphate groups

phosphate group is a chemical group made up of a phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms

The main ingredient in substance X is one X and four portions of X per package 

Phosphate groups are a structural component of DNA and RNA, where they form the backbone to which the bases are attached

This product is widely used by the elite for their work with DNA and RNA research. Product X holds the important information in reports in its proper place and form 

Phosphate groups are part of energy-rich molecules like adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides energy for moving muscles

The manufacture of substance X that is used for energy production 

Phosphate groups are bound to coenzymes

Coenzymes are organic molecules that help enzymes become active and function 

The X program which is used to activate X in the following ways:

Coenzymes help enzymes catalyze (speed up) reactions by binding to them temporarily or permanently. They can also carry chemical groups, electrons, or hydrogen atoms between enzymes

like NADP/NADPH, which are involved in anabolic reactions like lipid synthesis

Lipid synthesis is the process by which cells create lipids from nutrients, and it involves a series of enzymatic reactions that occur in different parts of the cell

The production centre of Organelle as a whole. The series of X reactions play an important role in various regions and systems in Organelle 

Processed proteins are sorted into different vesicles based on their destination

Vesicles containing the processed proteins are delivered to their final destinations, such as the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or storage vesicles

Goods are delivered to various nations and classes including the public (plasma membrane) who are at the lowest level in Organelle 

Cis Face

The convex side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This is where cargo molecules enter the Golgi apparatus from the ER

One of the main borders of Organelle that faces the Endo region and is a place of import of product X that is delivered from Endo convex refers to Golgi’s architecture 

Trans face 

The concave side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the cell's plasma membrane. This is where molecules exit the Golgi apparatus in the form of vesicles

With opposite architecture and facing the side of the public is the place of export of product X

They are then transported through the Golgi and exit from its concave trans face (exit face)

Goods go through a process while they are in Golgi 

In the heart of Golgi you will find a space called Lumen

Proteins targeted for transport to the Golgi apparatus are transferred from ribosomes on rough ER

Products chosen for export to Golgi are transferred from the micro nations of Endo

into the rough ER lumen,

Into Endo’s community 

which serves as the site of protein folding, modification, and assembly.

A place for the business of shaping, modifying and putting X together and in order 

The proximity of the rough ER to the cell nucleus gives the ER unique control over protein processing

The region of Endo has close ties to the elite government and surprisingly has a bit of power over the government 

secretory vesicles,

Secretory vesicles are derived from the trans-Golgi network. 

 a major secretory pathway sorting station that directs newly synthesized proteins to different subcellular destinations

They contain the exocytotic machinery needed to fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents

which are larger than other transport vesicles,

store their contents until specific signals direct their fusion with the plasma membrane.

X

I will circle back to this later