Chapter Seven 

The parts of a chromosome are:

chromatids,

serve an essential role in cell division, ensuring the accurate division and distribution of chromosomes to new daughter cells. Chromatids are formed during chromosome duplication, which occurs prior to cell division via the processes of mitosis and meiosis

What is mitosis and meiosis?

During mitosis one cell divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half 

centromere,

holds together the two chromatids the centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore,

large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles

What are spindles?

Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes

a structure to which the microtubules

What are microtubules?

Microtubules help support the shape of a cell. They also help chromosomes move during cell division and help small structures called cell organelles to move inside the cell

of the mitotic spindle become anchored

telomere,

a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome to maintain chromosomal stability and prevent chromosomal degradation

and satellite

While it is unclear because of their rapid evolution and technical intractability, a few protein-binding sequence motifs have been identified in satellite DNA.

A nucleosome is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins
The structure of a nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around eight histone proteins

DNA wraps around complexes of histone proteins, giving the chromosome a more compact shape

chromatin is to package DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the tight space of a nucleus