Today I’m doing some work on chapter 2 identifying what the Cosmic Wheel is

Tonight I’m mapping out the amino acid codes from the diagram 

cohesin

kinetochores

spindle fibers

DNA repeats

TTAGGG: The repeating sequence of bases in human telomeres

G-rich end: The 3' end of the chromosome that is longer than the 5' end

Proteins:

Shelterin

TERF1

TRF2

POT1

TCAB1

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Critical Fiction

Crit-Fic is basically fan fiction with the exception that it’s based on a work that disappointed me. For a while I was a fan of Sam Fennah’s work. I watched and shared his animations, enjoyed his web series Satellite City and waited patiently to finally get his first book Amygdala… just to hate it

I however still love the characters and I’m borrowing them for my world building project. The name of my world is Organelle and it’s all based on biology 

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I’m not the only one to feel this way 

“Reviews”

“While I usually appreciate a good moral dilemma, (in this case, an argument between pushing for a merciful society, or remaining in pure Darwinistic logic), the arguments presented in the book left me vehemently disagreeing with both sides. I believe this must have been intentional, but it became problematic when the primary characters, including Lucy, aligned strongly with these extremes.”

“my frustration peaked during a major public debate in the last third of the book, when both sides of the argument were spearheaded by major political leaders. In particular, I felt the arguments presented in favor of a more merciful society felt surprisingly childish, considering that the one making it was supposedly an intelligent and capable leader; it felt like she was intentionally lobotomized, just so she would lose.”

“I did not enjoy this.The plot is poorly thought out, the characters are quite bland, there are way too many characters to keep up with, it takes too long to get going, the worldbuilding, while interesting, is a bit too off-putting for my taste, and the themes are just terrible and poorly constructed.”

  “Fennah is careful to admit at the fore of the book his desire to explore conflicting ideologies, but too much weight is placed on one side of this argument for this to ring particularly true. At the same time as characters lovingly espouse the merits of quite literally eating children versus a rudimentary form of healthcare”

“Abysmal. Objectively bad writing. Lucy Lacemaker has so much plot armor, she might as well be piloting a mech.”

“I really hope Fennah learns from this and grows as an author. There is potential in this. He just needs to scrutinize his stories a bit harder next time to iron out all these problems.”

Below is a video critique although it’s not me I agree with her on this 

Despite all of this I still love these characters and so I’m creating a world where I can experience them in a different light than what Fennah has for them. I will not be reading any more of his books and I hold nothing against him as a person nor do I make any money off of this project. I just have a different vision for the characters and a desire to share my world 

Telophase Two

Chromosomes gather: Chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell, where they gather into two sets

Nuclear membranes form: A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, creating two new nuclei

Chromosomes decondense: Chromosomes return to their "stringy" form

Cell division: The cell pinches in the middle and divides again, creating four daughter cells

Daughter cells are haploid: Each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. 

Daughter cells have new gene mixtures: Each daughter cell has a new combination of genes due to recombination during meiosis

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Anaphase Two

Anaphase II is a stage of meiosis II where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

Centromere splitting: The centromere of each chromosome splits 

Chromatid separation: Sister chromatids separate at the centromere 

Microtubule attachment: Microtubules from the spindle attach to the kinetochore of each sister chromatid 

Chromatid movement: Microtubules pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell 

Cellular checkpoint: A checkpoint ensures that chromosomes formed after meiosis I have not changed 

Cell elongation: Microtubules not attached to the kinetochore pull apart to elongate the cell 

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Metaphase Two

Metaphase II is a stage of meiosis II where chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell to form a metaphase plate

 Chromosomes line up: Chromosomes line up in pairs of sister chromatids along the metaphase plate

Microtubules attach: Microtubules from the centrosomes at opposite poles of the cell attach to the kinetochores of each chromosome

Centrioles at opposite poles: Centrioles are located at opposite poles of each daughter cell

Metaphase plate forms: The chromosomes align at the equator of the cell to form the metaphase plate

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Prometaphase Two

Prometaphase II is a stage of meiosis II when the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle is fully formed. During this stage, each sister chromatid forms a kinetochore that attaches to microtubules from opposite poles

Nuclear envelope breakdown: The nuclear membrane breaks down into small vesicles, allowing spindle microtubules to access the cell's genetic material

Kinetochore formation: A protein structure called a kinetochore forms around the centromere, which is the central point of the sister chromatids

Microtubule attachment: Microtubules from the centrosomes at the poles of the spindle attach to the kinetochores

Chromosome movement: The chromosomes move back and forth until they align on the metaphase plate in the center of the spindle

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Prophase Two

Prophase II is a stage of cell division in meiosis that involves the condensation of chromosomes and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Chromosomes condense: Chromosomes condense into visible X-shaped structures

Nuclear membrane dissolves: The nuclear membrane breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to become visible

Spindle fibers form: Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell and begin to form spindle fibers. 

Chromosomes move: The chromosomes begin to move toward the equator of the cell. 

Kinetochore proteins assemble: Kinetochore proteins assemble on the outer chromatids of each chromosome

Meiotic spindle attaches: The meiotic spindle attaches to the kinetochores.

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Telophase One

Telophase I is a stage of meiosis where chromosomes gather at the poles of a cell, and the cell prepares to divide into two daughter cells

Homologous chromosomes separate: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Nuclear envelope reforms: The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, creating two new nuclei

Cytokinesis occurs: The cell pinches in the middle, forming two daughter cells

Chromosomes decondense: The chromosomes de-condense back into chromatin

Spindle apparatus disappears: The spindle apparatus disappears

Daughter cells are not identical: The daughter cells are not identical because crossing over occurs, making each chromosome unique

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Anaphase One

Anaphase 1 is the third stage of meiosis I, and is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosome separation: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Microtubule activity: Microtubules shorten and lengthen, pulling and pushing chromosomes and centrosomes

Cell elongation: The cell elongates as it prepares to divide

Spindle apparatus: The spindle apparatus moves chromosomes to the poles of the cell

Kinetochore microtubules: Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes to opposite poles

Non-kinetochore microtubules: Non-kinetochore microtubules lengthen, pushing centrosomes apart

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Metaphase One

During metaphase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and line up in the middle of a dividing cell

Homologous chromosome pairing: Homologous chromosomes pair up in a process called synapsis. Homologous chromosomes contain matching alleles from the mother and father

Crossing over: Also known as meiotic recombination, crossing over occurs during metaphase I. This process shuffles the characteristics of the two parents, creating genetic variation

Random orientation: The position of the homologous pairs on the metaphase plate is random. This means that the daughter cells have a 50-50 chance of inheriting 50-50 characters from each parent

Spindle fiber attachment: Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome

Bivalent metaphasic plate: The two centromeres of each homologous pair create a bivalent metaphasic plate

Pushing bodies: Interzonal spindle fibers push the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

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Prometaphase One

Prometaphase I is a stage of meiosis I that involves the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and the formation of a spindle fiber apparatus

Nuclear envelope breakdown: The nuclear envelope breaks down into membrane vesicles, exposing the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Spindle fiber apparatus: Microtubules grow from centrosomes at opposite ends of the cell and attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes

Kinetochore formation: Protein structures called kinetochores form around the centromeres of the chromosomes

Homologous chromosome attachment: Microtubules attach to one homologous chromosome of each tetrad, with one homologous chromosome facing each pole

Recombination: Recombination between homologous chromosomes occurs

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Prophase One

Prophase I is the first stage of meiosis I, and is characterized by the pairing of homologous chromosomes and the exchange of genetic material between them

Stages: Prophase I has five stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis

Homologous recombination: Homologous chromosomes exchange DNA through homologous recombination

Crossing over: Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes cross over at chiasmata

Genetic variation: Prophase I increases genetic variation

Cell division: Prophase I leads to the formation of four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

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Interphase

In meiosis, interphase is characterized by DNA replication, where the genetic material is copied, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes (sister chromatids) attached at the centromere, alongside cell growth and preparation for the meiotic division process, including the duplication of centrosomes which are crucial for spindle fiber formation during cell division

DNA replication: The most critical event in interphase, where each chromosome is copied to produce two identical sister chromatids

Centrosome duplication: The centrosomes, which organize the spindle fibers, replicate during interphase

Chromatin structure: Chromatin remains in a relatively uncondensed state, allowing for DNA replication to occur

Cell growth: The cell undergoes general growth and protein synthesis during the G1 phase

Preparation for meiosis: During the G2 phase, the cell prepares for the meiotic division by synthesizing proteins needed for the process

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Here I will write up a summary of the culture 

The People

There are five main personality types in Plas

Some more intelligent than others 

They are based on types of stem cells 

Totipotent

Pluripotent

Multipotent

Oligopotent

Unipotent